E85 is an alcohol fuel mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline, by volume. ethanol derived from crops (bioethanol) is a biofuel.
E85 as a fuel is widely used in Sweden and is becoming increasingly common in the United States, mainly in the Midwest where corn is a major crop and is the primary source material for ethanol fuel production.
E85 is usually used in engines modified to accept higher concentrations of ethanol. Such flexible-fuel engines are designed to run on any mixture of gasoline or ethanol with up to 85% ethanol by volume. The pr ....etc

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INTRODUCTION

A. Relevance :-
The economic of India depends to a large extent on the wheels of transport. The specter of economy ruin due to depleted oil reserves has changed the interest of scientist and research work towards alternative fuels for motor vehicle. Viable substitute for motor spirit are gaseous hydrocarbons, hydrogen gas, alcohol & electricity that run on hydrocarbon gas & electricity are still in the experimental stage. While alcohol is used as a fuel chiefly in Brazil, it?s feas ....etc

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, fuel supply system ppt ....etc

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Fuel cells are a proven power source for manned spacecraft where they generate electrical power from stored hydrogen and oxygen that are carried in cryogenic liquid form. The world?s petroleum production is about to pass its peak, so a world wide development effort is being directed into adapting these high efficiency fuel cells into powering automobiles, buses and trucks. Fuel cells are more efficient than the secondary batteries used. First Alkali fuel cells are used in aircrafts, but now a days fuel cells using Proton Exchange Membrane are ....etc

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The Magnegas was originally conceived to process crude oil into a fuel, less polluting than gasoline at a cost smaller than that of conventional refineries (Scientific background). these objectives have been industrially achieved with currently available, from 50 Kw to 500 Kw that can gasify crude oil into MagneGas fuel. The gasification is based on a new process called PlasmaArcFlowTM , based on the recirculation of the liquid feedstock through a submerged electric arc between graphite electrodes. MagneGas Refineries can also process various l ....etc

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Fuel cells are a proven power source for manned spacecraft where they generate electrical power from stored hydrogen and oxygen that are carried in cryogenic liquid form. The world?s petroleum production is about to pass its peak, so a world wide development effort is being directed into adapting these high efficiency fuel cells into powering automobiles, buses and trucks. Fuel cells are more efficient than the secondary batteries used. First Alkali fuel cells are used in aircrafts, but now a days fuel cells using Proton Exchange Membrane are ....etc

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The need for high energy density, lightweight power sources for demanding portable applications gives incentive to the search for novel fuel cell concepts and approaches that reduce size, weight, and system complexity. Such power sources would find applications in variety of portable medical devices, computer hardware, and military equipment. This talk addresses a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) system approach wherein the fuel (methanol) and air are mixed and fed simultaneously to anodes and cathodes of the fuel cell stack. This overall appro ....etc

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The efficiency of fuel cell is higher than the Carnot engine. To date, cost is the daunting factor for making the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) commercially viable in appliances. Over the years, a significant research activity has been witnessed in cutting down the cost that is involved in making the individual components of a fuel cell. However, relatively fewer efforts have been put into minimization of the cost of integrating a PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) system. This work is focused on the reduction in cost of PEMFC stack system (st ....etc

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A multi-scale model for electrochemistry in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells has been developed. The multi-scale model involves four scales: atomic-scale for kinetics of chemical/electrochemical reaction, nano-scale for surface reactions, micro-scale for electrolyte transport, and macro-scale. The energetics of chemical and electrochemical reactions are computed using quantum computation which serves as input for the kinetics on nano-scale catalysts which is simulated using the dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) method. A full fuel cell model w ....etc

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RACING FUEL IN OUR CARS or ROCKET FUEL.PPT


TUFEL NOORANI
B.E. SEMESTER III
MECHANICAL

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