VECTOR SIGNAL ANALYSER IMPLEMENTED AS A SYNTHETIC INSTRUMENT
Submitted by
Bibin Mohanan
S7 ECE
College Of Engineering, trivandrum


OUTLINE
Introduction
Synthetic instruments
Synthetic measurement system
Operation of synthetic instruments
Advantages of SIs
Block diagram of Vector signal analyser
Design consideration of VSA
Constellation &Error vector magnitude diagram
Conclusion
References


INTRODUCTION
Vector signal analyser is an instrument used ....etc

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presented by:
RAMNIWAS GURJAR


LIGHTING ARRESTER
INRTODUCTION
Lightning arresters or surge diverters are used to protect the earth screen and ground wires in an electrical system against direct lightning strokes. They conduct the high voltage surges to the ground without getting affected to the system. The lightning arrestor provides a cone of protection which has a ground radius approximately equal to its height above the ground.
The surge diverters consist of a spark gap in series with a nonlinear resistor ....etc

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hii I am Deepak I would like to get difference beetwin long flashover arrester and lightning arrester ....etc

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powerpoint presentation on direct lightening strokes and induced over voltages using lfa-m ....etc

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Abstract
A long flashover arrester (LFA), which comprises of three flashover modules using the creeping discharge effect, is described in this paper. In this design, the total arrester stressing voltage is applied simultaneously to all of the three modules so that the voltage-time characteristics of the arresters are improved. It assured reliable protection of medium voltage (e.g., 10kv) over head power line against both induced over voltages and direct lightning strokes. A single LFA per support or pole is found t ....etc

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Akihiro AMETANI, Naoto NAGAOKA, Toshihisa FUNABASHI, Nagahiro INOUE


Abstract—
The paper has investigated a difference of flashover phases between extra-high voltage (EHV) and highvoltage transmission lines based on EMTP simulations. The number of ground wires and a tower footing resistance cause a significant effect on the three-phase archorn voltages. A higher probability of a back-flashover across the upper-phase archorn is very noticeable in the case of a tower with two ground wires and a lower f ....etc

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please send details regarding smart city of belgaum for seminar.. ....etc

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Resistance Measurements and Interpretations Relating to Flashover
of Artificially Contaminated Ceramic Insulator Strings
Abstract
The flashover of insulator strings occurring at normal working voltages under contaminated/polluted conditions, obviously deserves serious consideration. Though much researchhas been gone into pollution-induced flashover phenomena but grey areas still exist in our knowledge.In the present experimental study the breakdown (flashover) voltages across gaps on insulatortop surfaces and gaps ....etc

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Abstract
Outages of overhead power lines due to lightningstrokes are one of the main causes of shortages of electricsupplies and economic losses of power utilities. Pole-topmetal oxide arresters can protect distribution lines againstinduced over-voltages, but they can be destroyed in case ofdirect lightning stroke. Long Flashover Arresters (LFAs)have been developed and used successfully for this purposeand have no possibility of being destroyed because thecurrent flows externally along its surface. Since fieldexperience with 10 kV LFA ....etc

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