INTRODUCTION
The national commission on urbanization (NCU) has noted that “urban transportationis the single most important component instrumental in shaping urban development & urbanliving” In the next millennium, almost all the metropolitan cities are a serious threats ofenvironmental pollution, traffic congestion, parking problem, population burden etc.Massrapid transit systems (MRTS) are rail based urban transit systems and the only mode of
public transportation capable of carrying large number of people in ....etc

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In todayâ„¢s commercial environment, establishing a framework for the authentication of computer-based information requires a familiarity with concepts and professional skills from both the legal and computer security fields. Combining these two disciplines is not an easy task. Concepts from the information security field often correspond only loosely to concepts from the legal field, even in situations where the terminology is similar. For example, from the information security point of view, digital signature means the result of applying ....etc

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Anandu pv
B.tech mechanical engineering ....etc

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Contract farming

In India agriculture is still based largely on small family holdings, seasonal production and traditional cultivation and management practices. most small farmers are independent producers, who sell their produce individually and have little bargaining power with input suppliers and produce markets. Agricultural marketing is similarly underdeveloped, with overlapping marketing channels, inadequate infrastructure and price information, a lack of postharvest management expertise and poor packaging of produce.But now ....etc

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In paper based financial messaging system, the messages are sent in defined formats duly signed by the authorized signatories. Paperless initiative and changes in the business practices have changed the authorization process. In electronic messaging, the messages are created, authenticated electronically and sent through electronic medium. Present technology facilitates data transmission with security integrity duly taking care of confidentiality and nonrepudiation of messages. Encryption and digital signature play a vital role in providing suc ....etc

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contract and cash flows in construction



Introduction
Construction Industry is one of the most booming industries in the whole world. This industry is mainly an urban based one which is concerned with preparation as well as construction of real estate properties. The repairing of any existing building or making certain alterations in the same also comes under Construction Industry. This industry can be categorized into three basic categories namely:-
....etc

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In today's commercial environment, establishing a framework for the authentication of computer-based information requires a familiarity with concepts and professional skills from both the legal and computer security fields. Combining these two disciplines is not an easy task. Concepts from the information security field often correspond only loosely to concepts from the legal field, even in situations where the terminology is similar. For example, from the information security point of view, digital signature means the result of applying to ....etc

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Digital Signature

Abstract :

The authenticity of many legal, financial, and other documents is determined by the presence or absence of an authorized handwritten signature. The recipient of the signed document can verify the claimed identity of the sender using the signature. Also, if the sender later repudiates the contents of the document, then recipient can use the signature to prove the validity of the document.

With the computerized message systems replacing the physical transport of paper and ink documents, an effective s ....etc

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get us the digital signature reports........ ....etc

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INTRODUCTION
Digital signature is a sort of Cryptography. Cryptography means keeping communications private. It is a practical art of converting messages or data into a different form, such that no one read them without having access to the Ëœkeyâ„¢. The message may be converted using a Ëœcodeâ„¢ (in which case each character or group of characters is substituted by an alternative one), or Ëœcipherâ„¢ (in which case the message as a whole is converted, rather than individual characters). It deals with e ....etc

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