Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) is an important process in semiconductor chip fabrication. In the CMP process, excess material is removed and the surface is planarized by the action of chemical and mechanical forces. Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) has become a key technology for device isolation in recent times. In this method, a shallow trench is made on the silicon wafer between active devices, silicon dioxide is deposited over the trench as well as the active area and the excess silicon dioxide is removed by CMP. The oxide remaining ....etc

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SEMIANR REPORT ON Giant Magnetoresistance Effect



ABSTRACT
The Giant Magnetoresistance Effect was discovered in 1988. It took around 10 years of laborious research for its first fruits to be ripened. But once they were on, they started to cause unprecedented increase in the storage capacity of hard disks. Another area of application is the primary memory. The seminar presents the details of this discovery and the impact it had on the industry. ....etc

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Effect of substrate temperature on the growth of ITO thin films
M. Nisha, S. Anusha, Aldrin Antony, R. Manoj, M.K. Jayaraj
*
Optoelectronics Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology,
Kochi 682 022, Kerala, India
Received 2 November 2004; received in revised form 20 February 2005; accepted 20 February 2005
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering of ITO target and the
influence of substrate temperature on the properties of the f ....etc

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THE EFFECT OF PAIRS IN PROGRAM DESIGN TASKS
In this project efficiency of pairs in program design tasks is identified by using pair programming concept. Pair programming involves two developers simultaneously collaborating with each other on the same programming task to design and code a solution. Algorithm design and its implementation are normally merged and it provides feedback to enhance the design. Previous controlled pair programming experiments did not explore the efficacy of pairs against individuals in program design-related tasks. Va ....etc

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The photoacoustic effect - production of sound from light - may be exploited for detection and localization of gas leaks on the surface of otherwise sealed components. The technique involves filling the test component with a photoactive tracer gas, and irradiating the component to produce photoacoustic sound from any leak site where a tracer gas cloud forms. This presentation describes experiments utilizing 10.6-micron radiation from a carbon-dioxide laser with sulfur hexafluoride as a tracer gas. Here, photoacoustic sounds from a laminar plume ....etc

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Risk - Return Relationship & the effect of Diversification

Introduction:

Sometimes your best investments are the ones you don't make. This is a maxim which best explains the complexity of making investments. There are many investment avenues available for investors today. Different people have different motives for investing. For most investors their interest in investment is an expectation of some positive rate of return. But investors cannot overlook the fact that risk is inherent in any in ....etc

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HEALTHY WORKER EFFECT
Dr. DIVYANG SHAH
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ADVISOR
CAIRN ENERGY INDIA PVT LTD
GURGAON
Email “ [email protected]
Definitions:
HWE is a phenomenon observed initially in
studies of occupational diseases: Workers usually
exhibit lower overall death rates than the general
population, because the severely ill and chronically
disabled are ordinarily excluded from employment
“ Last, 1995.
Another definition by McMichael (1987) who first
give its name is: HWE refers to the consistent
tendency for ....etc

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SEMINAR REPORT
On
Giant Magnetoresistance Effect
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Master of Technology
in
Computer and Information Science
By
TOMSY PAUL
Department of Computer Science
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Cochin-22, Kerala
2008Page 2

Giant Magnetoresistance Effect
Department of Computer Science CUSAT
2
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report entitled
Giant Magnetoresistance Effect
is ....etc

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Among the many environmental problems that offend and concern us perhaps none is as powerful and dramatic as water pollution. It is any undesirable change in physical, biological or chemical characteristics of water quality that adversely affects living organisms or makes water unsuitable for desirable use. Major sources that pollute water are domestic sewage and industrial effluents, acid rain etc. These are discharged into the rivers which in turn results in marine pollution.Marine pollution has been going on unnoticed for a long time by the ....etc

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Differences between single effect evaporator and multiple effect evaporator ....etc

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