difference between plasma antenna and taditional antenna
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In paper based financial messaging system, the messages are sent in defined formats duly signed by the authorized signatories. Paperless initiative and changes in the business practices have changed the authorization process. In electronic messaging, the messages are created, authenticated electronically and sent through electronic medium. Present technology facilitates data transmission with security integrity duly taking care of confidentiality and nonrepudiation of messages. Encryption and digital signature play a vital role in providing suc ....etc

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1.INTRODUCTION
Vehicular land transportation has become an indispensable and
necessary element of contemporary society activities. However, the vehicle
transportation environment has been facing severe situations with increasing
number of accidents and congestions in many metropolitan areas and
highways worldwide. This necessitates the adaptation of intelligent
transportation system (ITS) that could improve vehicle driving environment
with respect to safety, efficiency, and information availability. This demand ....etc

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Design and development of X-band micro strip patch antenna

Introduction


In high-performance aircraft, spacecraft, satellite and missile applications, where size, weight, cost, performance, ease of installation, and aerodynamic profiles are constraints, low profile antennas may be required. These antennas should have low profile, conformable to planar and non-planar surfaces, simple and inexpensive to manufacture using modern printed-circuit technology, mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces, compatible with MMIC designs, and ....etc

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The device was developed by Ramirez and Roger Green in the university of Warwickâ„¢s engineering department. It brings benefits to wireless networks, electronic households and data transfer. It applies techniques used to manipulate radio frequency to select the incoming signal frequency carried on the infrared beam to produce the optical equivalent of the radio. Optical antenna serves the same purpose as in electronic one .It must collect energy from an area and channel it t o the receiving element. Optical antenna uses a combination of pr ....etc

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The device was developed by Ramirez and Roger Green in the university of Warwick?s engineering department. It brings benefits to wireless networks, electronic households and data transfer. It applies techniques used to manipulate radio frequency to select the incoming ?signal frequency ? carried on the infrared beam to produce the optical equivalent of the radio. Optical antenna serves the same purpose as in electronic one .It must collect energy from an area and channel it t o the receiving element. Optical antenna uses a combination of precis ....etc

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An antenna is defined by Oxford Dictionary as ? a usually metallic device for radiating or receiving radio waves ?. The IEEE Standard Definitions of terms for Antennas ( IEEE Std 145-1973) defines the antenna or aerial as ? a means for radiating or receiving radio waves ?. In other words the antenna is the transitional structure between free-space and a guiding device. The guiding device or transmission line may take the form of a coaxial line or a hollow pipe (wave guide) and it is used to transport electromagnetic energy from the transmitting ....etc

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Compact Microstrip Antenna¢ The microstrip antenna is a very thin metallic strip, placed a small fraction of a wavelength above a ground plane, separated by a dielectric.¢ Where size, weight, cost, performance, ease of installation, are of primary concern, microstrip antennas are the best solutions. Construction and Geometry ¢ 2.2 < ?r < 12. Low dielectric=>better efficiency, larger B/W.¢ A microstrip patch antenna is a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate, which has a ground plane on the underside. The EM waves fri ....etc

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Plasma antenna

On earth we live upon an island of ordinary matter. The different states of matter generally found on earth are solid, liquid, and gas. Sir William Crookes, an English physicist identified a fourth state of matter, now called plasma, in 1879. Plasma is by far the most common form of matter.

Plasma in the stars and in the tenuous space between them makes up over 99% of the visible universe and perhaps most of that which is not visible. Important to ASI s technology, plasmas are conductive assemblies of charged and neutral pa ....etc

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i want the abstract and detailed report of photo voltaic cell used as an antenna in wire less communication ....etc

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