Valve timing is the regulation of the points in the combustion cycle, at which the valves are set to open and close. Since the valves require a finite period of time in which to open or close without abruptness, a slight lead-time is always necessary for proper operation. The design of the valve-operating cam provides for the smooth transition from one position to the other, while the cam setting determines the timing of the valve.

In a typical four-stroke engine, the inlet valve is set to open before TDC (top dead centre), towards the end o ....etc

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can u pl send me the details of the project Fabrication of four wheel steering system . as i hav to do a mini project for my 6th sem. pl..... ....etc

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Presented by:
 SURAJ KUMAR
 SUMIT KUMAR
 VIKASH KUMAR
 VIVEK SINGH YADAV


FABRICATION OF FOUR WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
 The front-to-rear wheel alignment plays a significant role in the directional stability of a vehicle.
 Often the lack of stability causes a dangerous drive.
 Up to the mid-1950s the majority of cars suffered from over-steer, mainly due to the uncontrolled movement of the rear axle caused by spring deflection which is initiated by body roll.
 To ....etc

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FOUR WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the details of four wheel steering (4WS) system. With the help of this system all the four wheels can be turned to any direction using the steering. Thus the vehicle can be controlled more effectively especially during cornering and parking. Also the speed of the vehicle can be increased or decreased.
There are three types of production of four-wheel ¬steering systems:
1. Mechanical 4WS
2. Hydraulic 4WS
3. Electro/hydraulic 4WS
The mechanical 4WS uses two separate s ....etc

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1. INTRODUCTION
Four-wheel steering, 4WS, also called rear-wheel steering or all-wheel steering, provides a means to actively steer the rear wheels during turning maneuvers. It should not be confused with four-wheel drive in which all four wheels of a vehicle are powered. It improves handling and help the vehicle make tighter turns.
Production-built cars tend to understeer or, in few instances, oversteer. If a car could automatically com ....etc

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Four-wheel steering, 4WS, also called rear-wheel steering or all-wheel steering, provides a means to actively steer the rear wheels during turning maneuvers. It should not be confused with four-wheel drive in which all four wheels of a vehicle are powered. It improves handling and help the vehicle make tighter turns.

Production-built cars tend to understeer or, in few instances, oversteer. If a car could automatically compensate for an understeer/oversteer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly ....etc

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Abstract
This paper develops a trajectory planning algorithm for a
four-wheel-steering (4WS) vehicle based on vehicle
kinematics. The flexibility offered by the steering is
utilized fully in the trajectory planning. A two-part
trajectory planning algorithm consists of the steering
planning and velocity planning. The limits of vehicle
mechanism and drive torque are taken into account.
Simulation results are presented to illustrate the
application of the proposed algorithm.
Introduction
Research works on Autonomous ....etc

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The front wheel steering system of conventional vehicle fails to keep the vehicle stable at high speeds and prove futile for heavy vehicles like tracks and trailers, especially in tight space. But if the rear wheels too could be steered, manoeuvrability of the vehicle will be enhanced. This results in the evolution Four-wheel steering (4WS). In 4WS, rear wheel are also steered in combination with the front wheels. This system helps in achieving superior cornering stability, improved steering responsiveness and precision, high -speed straight-li ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

FOUR WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the details of four wheel steering (4WS) system. With the help of this system all the four wheels can be turned to any direction using the steering. Thus the vehicle can be controlled more effectively especially during cornering and parking. Also the speed of the vehicle can be increased or decreased.
There are three types of production of four-wheel ¬steering systems:
1. Mechanical 4WS
2. Hydraulic 4WS
3. Electro/hydraulic 4W ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

The front wheel steering system of conventional vehicle fails to keep the vehicle stable at high speeds and prove futile for heavy vehicles like tracks and trailers, especially in tight space. But if the rear wheels too could be steered, manoeuvrability of the vehicle will be enhanced. This results in the evolution Four-wheel steering (4WS). In 4WS, rear wheel are also steered in combination with the front wheels. This system helps in achieving superior cornering stability, improved steering responsiveness and precision, high -speed straight-li ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]

The front wheel steering system of conventional vehicle fails to keep the vehicle stable at high speeds and prove futile for heavy vehicles like tracks and trailers, especially in tight space. But if the rear wheels too could be steered, manoeuvrability of the vehicle will be enhanced. This results in the evolution Four-wheel steering (4WS). In 4WS, rear wheel are also steered in combination with the front wheels. This system helps in achieving superior cornering stability, improved steering responsiveness and precision, high -speed straight-li ....etc

[:=Read Full Message Here=:]