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A zoo (abbreviation for zoo or zoological park and also called animal park or zoo) is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures, exposed to the public and in which they can also be reproduced.
The term "zoo garden" refers to zoology, the study of animals, a term derived from the Greek zōon (ζῷον, "animal") and logos (λóγος, "study"). The abbreviation "zoo" was first used in the Zoological Gardens of London, which was opened for scientific study in 1828 and for the public in 1857. The number of large collections of animals open to the public worldwide now exceeds 1,000, of which are in cities. In the United States alone, zoos are visited by more than 180 million people a year.
The London Zoo, which opened in 1826, was for the first time called a feral home or "zoo forest", which is short for "Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society of London." The abbreviation for "zoo" first appeared on paper in the United Kingdom around 1847, when it was used for the Clifton Zoo, but it was not until about 20 years later that the shortened form was popularized in the song "Walking in The Zoo "Artist of the music hall Alfred Vance. The term "zoo park" was used for more expansive facilities in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Washington, D.C., and the Bronx in New York, which opened in 1847, 1891, and 1899, respectively.
Relatively new terms for zoos coined at the end of the 20th century are "conservation park" or "bio-park". The adoption of a new name is a strategy used by some zoo professionals to distance their institutions from the stereotyped and criticized concept of the nineteenth century zoo. The term "bioparque" was first coined and developed by the National Zoo in Washington DC in the late 1980s. In 1993, the Zoological Society of New York changed its name to the Wildlife Conservation Society and rebranded zoos Under its jurisdiction as "wildlife conservation parks".