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An elevator or lift is a vertical transportation vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods between floors of a building. They are usually driven by electric motors that drive the traction cables and counterweights, or pump the hydraulic fluid to lift a cylindrical piston. Languages other than English may have loans based on any of the lifts (for example, in Japanese) or elevation (for example, Cantonese). Due to wheelchair access laws, elevators are often a legal requirement in new multi-storey buildings, especially where wheelchair ramps would be impractical.
Some argue that lifts began as simple ropes or chain hoists. A lift is essentially a platform that is pulled or pushed up by a mechanical means. An elevator today consists of a booth (also called a "cage" or "car") mounted on a platform within a closed space called an axis or sometimes a "well." In the past, the lift drive mechanisms were driven by hydraulic steam and water pistons. In a "traction" elevator, the cars are pulled by means of rolling steel ropes on a pulley with deep grooves, commonly called pulley in the industry. The weight of the car is balanced with a counterweight. Sometimes, two elevators always move synchronously in opposite directions, and are the counterweight of each.
The friction between the ropes and the pulley provides the traction that gives name to this type of elevator.
Hydraulic elevators use the principles of hydraulics (in the sense of hydraulic power) to pressurize a piston on land or on land to raise and lower the car. The hydraulic steering system uses a combination of both cables and hydraulic power to raise and lower the cars. Recent innovations include permanent earth magnet motors, geared machines mounted on rails of the room without machine, and microprocessor controls.
The technology used in new installations depends on a variety of factors. Hydraulic lifts are cheaper, but installing cylinders larger than a certain length becomes impractical for very high lift lifters. For buildings of much more than seven floors, traction lifts should be employed instead. Hydraulic lifts are usually slower than traction lifts.
Elevators are a candidate for massive customization. There are economies that are made from the mass production of components, but each building comes with its own needs like different number of floors, well dimensions and usage patterns.