07-05-2011, 11:15 AM
Presented By
Subhash Chandra
[attachment=13387]
Introduction
Rapid economic and population growth, social changes, urbanization and industrialization during the last few decades have resulted in increased and diversified demand for water.
For planning, development and management of water resources systems in a sustainable manner.
Many modeling tools and techniques are available such as Systems Analysis and Simulation, Conceptual Approach, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Logic, Decision Support Systems (DSS) and Expert Systems.
R-R modeling attempts to establish a page link between rainfall measured over the catchment and runoff (streamflow) observed at the outlet of the catchment.
Continuous and Event-Based
The conceptual rainfall-runoff (CRR) models usually incorporate simplified forms of physical laws and are generally nonlinear, time-invariant, and deterministic, with parameters that are representative of watershed characteristics.
In the systems-theoretic approach, mathematical models are used to identify a direct mapping between the inputs and outputs without detailed consideration of the internal structure of the physical processes.
Literature Review
The literature review has been divided into two parts:
CRR models
ANN models.
CRR Models
Sherman (1932) proposed a method for estimating storm runoff, Unit Hydrograph,
Snyder (1938) proposed relations between some of the characteristics of the unit hydrograph, i.e. peak flow, lag time, base time, and width (in units of time) at 50% and 75% of the peak flow.
Clark (1945) proposed a unit hydrograph which was the result of a combination of a pure translation routing process followed by a pure storage routing process
Nash (1957) proposed a unit hydrograph equation, which is a gamma distribution, i.e. the response of a cascade of identical linear reservoirs to a unit impulse.
The 1960s brought the introduction of computers into hydrological modeling enabling complex water problems to be simulated as complete systems.
Crawford and Linsley (1966) developed Stanford Watershed Model (SWM).
Hino and Hasebe (1984) separated the runoff discharge into three components (overland flow, subsurface flow and groundwater flow), predicted each component, and obtained good results from conceptual water tank model.
Mizumura (1995) proposed a simple water tank model to simulate the rainfall-runoff process. The results found from the tank model were in good agreement with the observed data.
Basha (2000) proposed a simple nonlinear conceptual model for simulating R-R phenomenon in a catchment. The model is based on the concept of a nonlinear storage outflow relationship.
Subhash Chandra
[attachment=13387]
Introduction
Rapid economic and population growth, social changes, urbanization and industrialization during the last few decades have resulted in increased and diversified demand for water.
For planning, development and management of water resources systems in a sustainable manner.
Many modeling tools and techniques are available such as Systems Analysis and Simulation, Conceptual Approach, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Logic, Decision Support Systems (DSS) and Expert Systems.
R-R modeling attempts to establish a page link between rainfall measured over the catchment and runoff (streamflow) observed at the outlet of the catchment.
Continuous and Event-Based
The conceptual rainfall-runoff (CRR) models usually incorporate simplified forms of physical laws and are generally nonlinear, time-invariant, and deterministic, with parameters that are representative of watershed characteristics.
In the systems-theoretic approach, mathematical models are used to identify a direct mapping between the inputs and outputs without detailed consideration of the internal structure of the physical processes.
Literature Review
The literature review has been divided into two parts:
CRR models
ANN models.
CRR Models
Sherman (1932) proposed a method for estimating storm runoff, Unit Hydrograph,
Snyder (1938) proposed relations between some of the characteristics of the unit hydrograph, i.e. peak flow, lag time, base time, and width (in units of time) at 50% and 75% of the peak flow.
Clark (1945) proposed a unit hydrograph which was the result of a combination of a pure translation routing process followed by a pure storage routing process
Nash (1957) proposed a unit hydrograph equation, which is a gamma distribution, i.e. the response of a cascade of identical linear reservoirs to a unit impulse.
The 1960s brought the introduction of computers into hydrological modeling enabling complex water problems to be simulated as complete systems.
Crawford and Linsley (1966) developed Stanford Watershed Model (SWM).
Hino and Hasebe (1984) separated the runoff discharge into three components (overland flow, subsurface flow and groundwater flow), predicted each component, and obtained good results from conceptual water tank model.
Mizumura (1995) proposed a simple water tank model to simulate the rainfall-runoff process. The results found from the tank model were in good agreement with the observed data.
Basha (2000) proposed a simple nonlinear conceptual model for simulating R-R phenomenon in a catchment. The model is based on the concept of a nonlinear storage outflow relationship.