09-03-2011, 12:11 PM
Presented BY
T.G.V HARISH BHOOPATI
[attachment=9855]
BIO MARKERS IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biomarker [1]
Definition:
• It is a characteristic which indicates a normal or abnormal process.
• It is a pharmacological response which indicates the effectiveness of a specific drug.
• It’s a biological molecule which indicates either a condition or disease state.
• It may be:
– Protein
– Nucleic acid
– Carbohydrate
– lipid
Biomarker & Diagnosis
Ideal Marker for diagnosis
– Should have great sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in reflecting total disease burden. A tumor marker should also be prognostic of outcome and predictive of tumor recurrence and effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment.
– Biomarker for Screening
– The marker must be highly specific, minimize false positive and negative
– The marker must be able to clearly reflect the early stage of disease
– The method for screening should be cost effective
– Samples for biomarker detection
– Blood, urine, or other body fluids samples
– Biomarker Validation
CLASSIFICATION OF BIO MARKERS
• Common Biomarker for Cancer diagnosis
(diagnostic markers)
• Common Biomarker for Cancer diagnosis
• Common Biomarker for Cancer diagnosis
• Prostate Cancer marker PSA
• Beta-2-microglobulin (b2M)
OTHER EXAMPLES OF PREDICTIVE BIO-MARKERS
• Breast Cancer
– ER/PR ® tamoxifen
– HER2 ® trastuzumab
– Lymphoma
– CD20 ® rituximab
– Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
– C-kit ® imatinib, sunitinib
• Bio-markers as Targets for Therapy (FDA-approved therapies for solid tumors)
• Extracellular targets
– EGFR/HER (cetuximab, panitumumab, trastuzumab)
– VEGF (bevacizumab)
– HER2 (trastuzumab)
• Intracellular targets
– EGFR (erlotinib)
– VEGFR (sorafenib, sunitinib)
– mTOR (temsirolimus)
– PDGFR (sorafenib, sunitinib)
– RAF/MAP kinase (sorafenib)
– HER2/EGFR1 (lapatinib)
– C-kit (sunitinib)
Therapies Target Biomarkers
• Simply target the biomarker by antibody.
• Therapeutic agent page link to a targeting moiety that target to bio-marker.
• Basic requirement: the marker must presented on cell surface.
• Ideally:
– The interaction is highly specific
– If the target accumulation is high then it is a good agent
• Therapy Target Her-2
• Therapy Target PSMA
• Biomarker & Targeted Imaging
• Imaging Targeting PSMA
• Imaging Targeting PSMA
CONCLUSION
• Bio-markers play an important role in cancer diagnosis.
• They help in finding new targets to cure cancer.
• They laid a new way in early diagnosis of cancer.
• Investigations has to be done, to develop bio-markers as reliable diagnostic and therapeutic target.
T.G.V HARISH BHOOPATI
[attachment=9855]
BIO MARKERS IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biomarker [1]
Definition:
• It is a characteristic which indicates a normal or abnormal process.
• It is a pharmacological response which indicates the effectiveness of a specific drug.
• It’s a biological molecule which indicates either a condition or disease state.
• It may be:
– Protein
– Nucleic acid
– Carbohydrate
– lipid
Biomarker & Diagnosis
Ideal Marker for diagnosis
– Should have great sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in reflecting total disease burden. A tumor marker should also be prognostic of outcome and predictive of tumor recurrence and effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment.
– Biomarker for Screening
– The marker must be highly specific, minimize false positive and negative
– The marker must be able to clearly reflect the early stage of disease
– The method for screening should be cost effective
– Samples for biomarker detection
– Blood, urine, or other body fluids samples
– Biomarker Validation
CLASSIFICATION OF BIO MARKERS
• Common Biomarker for Cancer diagnosis
(diagnostic markers)
• Common Biomarker for Cancer diagnosis
• Common Biomarker for Cancer diagnosis
• Prostate Cancer marker PSA
• Beta-2-microglobulin (b2M)
OTHER EXAMPLES OF PREDICTIVE BIO-MARKERS
• Breast Cancer
– ER/PR ® tamoxifen
– HER2 ® trastuzumab
– Lymphoma
– CD20 ® rituximab
– Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
– C-kit ® imatinib, sunitinib
• Bio-markers as Targets for Therapy (FDA-approved therapies for solid tumors)
• Extracellular targets
– EGFR/HER (cetuximab, panitumumab, trastuzumab)
– VEGF (bevacizumab)
– HER2 (trastuzumab)
• Intracellular targets
– EGFR (erlotinib)
– VEGFR (sorafenib, sunitinib)
– mTOR (temsirolimus)
– PDGFR (sorafenib, sunitinib)
– RAF/MAP kinase (sorafenib)
– HER2/EGFR1 (lapatinib)
– C-kit (sunitinib)
Therapies Target Biomarkers
• Simply target the biomarker by antibody.
• Therapeutic agent page link to a targeting moiety that target to bio-marker.
• Basic requirement: the marker must presented on cell surface.
• Ideally:
– The interaction is highly specific
– If the target accumulation is high then it is a good agent
• Therapy Target Her-2
• Therapy Target PSMA
• Biomarker & Targeted Imaging
• Imaging Targeting PSMA
• Imaging Targeting PSMA
CONCLUSION
• Bio-markers play an important role in cancer diagnosis.
• They help in finding new targets to cure cancer.
• They laid a new way in early diagnosis of cancer.
• Investigations has to be done, to develop bio-markers as reliable diagnostic and therapeutic target.