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smart materials
A new generation of materials called smart materials is changing the way a structural system is going to be designed, built and monitored. Advances in composite materials, instrumentation and sensing technology (fiber-optic sensors) in combination with a new generation of actuator systems based on Piezoelectric ceramics and shape Memory Alloys have made this possible.

Shape memory alloys have found applications in a variety of high performance products, ranging from aircraft hydraulic coupling and electrical connectors to surgical suture anchors. Since the material can generate high actuation forces in response to temperature changes, shape memory alloys have the potential to serve as an alternative to solenoids, special significance in the area of smart structures because it offers significant advantages over conventional actuations technologies in number of ways.


* Large amounts of recoverable strains offer very high work densities. This is very attractive in situations where the work output to weight ration is critical.
* Direct actuation without moving part there by increasing the efficiency.
* Large available strains permits long strokes with constant force output.
* The actuation can be linear or rotatory.
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Smart materials

Smart materials reactive materials. Their properties can be changed under the influence of stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields, stress, moisture and temperature.
Smart color

Smart color pigments that can be incorporated into paints, paints, inks and plastics.
thermochromic pigments respond to temperature changes
photochromic pigments respond to changes in light levels
Fotohromnoj materials are used in the production of sunglasses. Exposure to sunlight causes the lens to darken the glasses to protect your eyes.
Polymorph
The transformation is available in small balls, which merge together when heated up to 62°. This can be done in a manner that leads to a very tough polymer. Unused pellets can be repeatedly heated and used again.
The transformation is used to:
production of inconvenient forms such as ergonomic handles
joining components together
manufacture of moulds for vacuum forming
Smart lubrication
Smart lubrication is used to control the movement, creating a damp feeling slowed down. For example, the intelligent agent is used on a mechanical adjustment and a microscope.
Conducting polymers
Most plastics are natural insulators. Advantages of plastic materials that are conductors:
they are easier to manufacture,
they are easier and less expensive than metal
They prevent the accumulation of static electricity that can damage the circuits
Some conducting polymers are also biocompatible, making them suitable for use in medical devices.
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles improve the mechanical properties of the material, such as stiffness or elasticity. When used in polymers, they can be used as a substitute for light metals.
Nanomaterials are used in the automotive industry to create cars that are faster, safer and more economical. They can also be used for more effective insulation and lighting systems.