23-10-2010, 12:17 PM
Radioactive waste
Radioactive waste is a waste product containing radioactive material.nuclear process such as nuclear fission produces such waste. The waste needs to be isolated for a period of time until its Radioactivity diminishes over time. The time may vary from hours to years. low-level waste has low levels of radioactivity per mass or volume. The strategy to be followed is:
-segregation and storage in the case of short-lived wastes
-near-surface disposal for low and some intermediate level wastes
- deep burial or transmutation for the long-lived, high-level wastes
Management of waste
two long-lived fission products, Tc-99 (half-life 220,000 years) and I-129 (half-life 17 million years) form the majority of the concern in nclear waste management as these form the major part in spent fuel radioactivity . The waste has to be isolated from the biosphere using sophisticated treatment and management.
Initial treatment of waste
This is a process for making the waste into a form that neither react nor degrade for extended periods of time. In one of the methods,the waste is mixed with sugar and then calcined. The 'calcine' generated is fed continuously into an induction heated furnace with fragmented glass.
Ion exchange
ion exchange is used in the industry for treatment of wastes which are medium active .As an example, a ferric hydroxide floc to remove radioactive metals from aqueous mixtures.
Synroc
The main minerals in this Synroc are hollandite , zirconolite and perovskite. it is a is a more sophisticated way to immobilize such waste.
Long term management of waste
This may include the processes like:
-Geologic disposal
-Transmutation
-Re-use of waste
-Space disposal etc.
for further details, refer:
http://en.wikipediawiki/Radioactive_wast...t_of_waste
http://nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/teachers/10.pdf
get a report here:
http://studentbank.in/report-hazardous-w...ode=linear
Radioactive waste is a waste product containing radioactive material.nuclear process such as nuclear fission produces such waste. The waste needs to be isolated for a period of time until its Radioactivity diminishes over time. The time may vary from hours to years. low-level waste has low levels of radioactivity per mass or volume. The strategy to be followed is:
-segregation and storage in the case of short-lived wastes
-near-surface disposal for low and some intermediate level wastes
- deep burial or transmutation for the long-lived, high-level wastes
Management of waste
two long-lived fission products, Tc-99 (half-life 220,000 years) and I-129 (half-life 17 million years) form the majority of the concern in nclear waste management as these form the major part in spent fuel radioactivity . The waste has to be isolated from the biosphere using sophisticated treatment and management.
Initial treatment of waste
This is a process for making the waste into a form that neither react nor degrade for extended periods of time. In one of the methods,the waste is mixed with sugar and then calcined. The 'calcine' generated is fed continuously into an induction heated furnace with fragmented glass.
Ion exchange
ion exchange is used in the industry for treatment of wastes which are medium active .As an example, a ferric hydroxide floc to remove radioactive metals from aqueous mixtures.
Synroc
The main minerals in this Synroc are hollandite , zirconolite and perovskite. it is a is a more sophisticated way to immobilize such waste.
Long term management of waste
This may include the processes like:
-Geologic disposal
-Transmutation
-Re-use of waste
-Space disposal etc.
for further details, refer:
http://en.wikipediawiki/Radioactive_wast...t_of_waste
http://nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/teachers/10.pdf
get a report here:
http://studentbank.in/report-hazardous-w...ode=linear